Friday, October 14, 2016

Medical Condition Associated With Mental Retardation


Which of the following conditions is commonly seen in patients with mental retardation?

A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Hyperparathyroidism
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Osteoporosis
E) Pernicious anemia

Answer and Discussion

The answer is D. Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a common condition seen in patients with mental retardation, particularly among non-weight-bearing patients. It has been estimated that as many as 50% of adults with mental retardation have osteoporosis or osteopenia.
Conditions associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis include:

  • cerebral palsy, 
  • Down’s syndrome, 
  • use of antiepileptics, 
  • special diets (e.g., ketogenic diet for seizure control), and
  • hypogonadism. 
Aggressive evaluation of traumatic injuries with radiographic studies may be justified even when there are few physical findings. Furthermore, osteoporosis and use of antiepileptics may predispose patients to degenerative disk disease with spinal cord compromise, leading to functional decline.

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