Physiological changes in pregnancy: uterus and cervix - Extended matching question

Physiological changes in pregnancy: uterus and cervix - Extended matching question

A Oestradiol
B Prostaglandins
C Progesterone
D Cortisol
E Collagenase
F Prolactin
G Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)
H Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
I Oxytocin

For each description below, choose the SINGLE most appropriate answer from the above list of options. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

1 Levels approximately 15 times higher in third trimester than in non-pregnant state.
2 Induces the process of cervical remodelling.
3 Regulates local uterine blood flow through endothelial effects.
4 Utilized in triple test.
5 Released from posterior pituitary gland.

Answers:

1 Levels approximately 15 times higher in third trimester than in non-pregnant state.
Ans : F Prolactin

2 Induces the process of cervical remodelling.
Ans: B Prostaglandins

3 Regulates local uterine blood flow through endothelial effects.
Ans: D Cortisol

4 Utilized in triple test.
Ans: G Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)

5 Released from posterior pituitary gland.
Ans: I Oxytocin

Discussion:

• Prolactin is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and is essential for the stimulation of milk secretion. The levels of prolactin are increased 15-fold during late pregnancy. 
• Cervical remodelling is induced by prostaglandins (used clinically for this indication). 
• Local collagenase release also aids in cervical softening. 
• Maternal cortisol regulates uterine blood flow through effects on vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. 
• Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin is one of the components of the triple test, with alpha fetoprotein and oestriol. 
• Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are the clinically significant hormones released from the posterior pituitary.