Thursday, November 3, 2016

Benign prostatic hyperplasia



A 69-year-old man is started on tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which one of the following best describes the side-effects he may experience?
A. Urgency + insomnia
B. Dizziness + postural hypotension
C. Urinary retention + nausea
D. Urgency + erectile dysfunction
E. Erectile dysfunction + reduced libido

Answer:
B. Dizziness + postural hypotension

Discussion:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition seen in older men.

Risk factors include:

  • Age: around 50% of 50-year-old men will have evidence of BPH and 30% will have symptoms. Around 80% of 80-year-old men have evidence of BPH. 
  • Ethnicity: black > white > Asian
Clinical Features: BPH typically presents with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which may be categorised into: 
  • voiding symptoms (obstructive): weak or intermittent urinary flow, straining, hesitancy, terminal dribbling and incomplete emptying 
  • storage symptoms (irritative) urgency, frequency, urgency incontinence and nocturia 
  • post-micturition: dribbling
  •  complications: urinary tract infection, retention, obstructive uropathy
Management:
1. Watchful waiting and symptommatic treatment. 
2. Medication: alpha-1 antagonists, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors. The use of combination therapy was supported by the Medical Therapy Of Prostatic Symptoms (MTOPS) trial
3.Surgery: transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) 

Alpha-1 antagonists e.g. tamsulosin, alfuzosin 
 decrease smooth muscle tone (prostate and bladder) 
 considered first-line, improve symptoms in around 70% of men 
 adverse effects: dizziness, postural hypotension, dry mouth, depression 

5 alpha-reductase inhibitors e.g. finasteride 
 block the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is known to induce BPH  unlike alpha-1 antagonists causes a reduction in prostate volume and hence may slow disease progression. This however takes time and symptoms may not improve for 6 months. They may also decrease PSA concentrations by up to 50% 
 adverse effects: erectile dysfunction, reduced libido, ejaculation problems, gynaecomastia

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